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Water and Energy

TerminologiesExplanationsSelf Research Copy right free photos (thanks to the contributors)
Potable waterWater that is free from impurities such as contaminants and bacteria and is thus safe to drink. Huge inequalities persist between and within countries; in Sub- Saharan Africa, almost half of people drink water from unprotected sources.There’s nothing more essential to life on Earth than safe drinking water. People are struggling to access the quantity and quality of water they need. Amazing progress has been made in making clean drinking water accessible to 2.6 billion people in developing countries from 1990 to 2015. That’s an increase from 76% of the global population to 91% during that time. Yet around 800 million people lack basic drinking water access that is nearly 1 of every 9 people on the planet. Click here for more facts and figures from World Vision.
Different methods of water supplyThe objective of water supply is to take water from its source to the point of its usage. Water supply systems must also meet the requirements for public, commercial, and industrial activities. It generally denotes provision of water by public utilities such as supply of potable water through piped system. Water supply system include infrastructure for the collection, transmission, treatment, storage, and distribution of water for domestic, agriculture (including irrigation) and other commercial purposes as well as for special public needs as firefighting etc. Nearly 90% of the global population has access to piped water supply. A fraction of them also possess their own house supply such as protected wells or boreholes besides the municipal supply. Look at the next column for the the major methods of water supply.
1. Dam and reservoir: Dams are the barriers that controls the flow of the excess water, normally built across a river. Reservoirs are artificial lakes used to store water. They can be 'on channel' or 'off channel'.
2. Wells and boreholes: These are the methods of trapping ground water (Aquifer). Wells are relatively of larger diameter than boreholes. Aquifer provides nearly half of the global drinking water supply.
3. Desalinization plants: In this expensive process salt from the sea water is removed by distilling water using boiling process. This process is widely used in the wealthy Middle East countries where waste gasses from the oil wells are used to distill water.
4. Rain water harvesting: This includes collection and storing of rainwater for future use. Click here for more relevant information on the water supply system.
Water stress: When water supply is below 1700 cubic meters per person per year. Water scarcity affects every continent.
Infographics from Waterlogic: Source

Click here to learn more about the problem of water crisis from Water.org.
Water securityWhen all people in a society have sustainable access to adequate quantities of safe clean water for livelihood and development. Read: Elements of water security from ResearchGate
Food security Stable supply as well as physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet the dietary needs of a population.

Why to care about water?

Maldives shrinking water supply

Global water crisis

Task: Practice Exam type questions 

  1. Watch the video on the methods used to supply water in Singapore. Discuss in groups of two students and try to answer the question: For a named country, describe the methods used to supply water to the population (7 marks).

Water supply in Singapore

Methods of water supply in Germany

Water crisis in Mali

Most polluted water bodies

Drying up of Aral Sea

Infographic: Safe Water is a Scarce Commodity Worldwide | Statista You will find more infographics at Statista

Energy: Important definitions

Natural CapitalThose goods and services that are not manufactured but have values to human, e.g. Soil, water, trees, living organisms etc.
Non-renewable energyExist in finite amount and are not renewed after they have been depleted, e.g. fossil fuels. These are forms of stored solar energy produced by photosysthesis (coal) and remains of organic life from millions of years ago, now being extracted and burned by humans.
Renewable energyCan be used over and over again and are considered to be sustainable, e.g. Solar, wind, geothermal energy etc.
Replenishable resourcesAre middle ground between renewable and non-renewable resources. They tend to be replaced over a long period of time. If the depletion rate is larger than recharge rate, the natural capital is depleted. E.g. Fuel wood.
Energy securityWhen all people in a society/country enjoy the uninterrupted supply of energy they require to meet their needs at an affordable price.

Identify difference between renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

Name four different types of non-renewable energy sources and state how are they produced?

REVIEW: Hydroelectric power as the renewable energy source

Alternative Energy Sources

History of Energy Resources

Alternative energy future

China's Green economy

Your Task: Article review

Types of Renewable energy

NREL review: Different renewable energy sources

Benefits of renewable energy use

Top ten renewable energy concerns
UCSUSA: Challenges to renewable energy technology

In 2021, wind energy had the largest share in German electricity production, ahead of nuclear energy and brown coal. In 2021 wind energy (both on shore and off shore together) had a total share of about 23 % (net) in the total electricity production in Germany.

Energy transition scenario in Germany

MIIT: Missing link -energy storage

Case Study: Europe’s first carbon neutral city Malmo

Solar tree of Singapore

Teenager revolutionizing the concept of Nuclear Power

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